Ungayikhetha njani ifenitshala yeehotele zaseMelika ehambelana nemithetho yasekuhlaleni kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko?

Ukunamathela kwimithetho yefenitshala yaseMelika kubalulekile ukuze imisebenzi yehotele iphumelele. Izinto ezingathotyelwanga mithetho zichaphazela ngqo ukhuseleko lweendwendwe kwaye zidala imingeni emikhulu kwezomthetho.

Ukulimala okuqhelekileyo kweendwendwe okubangelwa ngqo yifenitshala yehotele engathobeli imithetho kuquka oko kubangelwa yifenitshala okanye izixhobo ezingasebenzi kakuhle, ezifana nezitulo ezidilikayo, iibhedi ezaphukileyo, okanye izixhobo zejimu ezingasebenzi kakuhle.
Iihotele kufuneka zibeke phambili ukukhetha ifenitshala yehotele ehambelanayo ukuze kuncitshiswe ezi ngozi kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba iindwendwe zihlala kakuhle.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Iihotele kufuneka zilandele imithetho yefenitshala yaseMelika. Oku kugcina iindwendwe zikhuselekile. Kukwathintela neengxaki zomthetho.
• Imithetho ephambili ibandakanya ukhuseleko lomlilo, ukufikelela kwiindwendwe ezikhubazekileyo, kunye nokukhutshwa kweekhemikhali. Iihotele kufuneka zijonge le mithetho.
• Khetha ababoneleli abalungileyoCela iziqinisekiso. Oku kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifenitshala iyahlangabezana nayo yonke imigangatho yokhuseleko neyomthetho.

Ukuhamba kwiMithetho ephambili yase-US yeFenitshala yehotele

Ukukhethaifenitshala yehoteleifuna ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo imithetho eyahlukeneyo yase-US. Le migangatho iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwendwendwe, ukufikeleleka, kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo. Iihotele kufuneka zijongane nale mfuno ngokukhawuleza ukuze ziphephe imiba yezomthetho kwaye zigcine igama elihle.

Ukuqonda iMigangatho yokuTsha kwiFenitshala yehotele

Imigangatho yokutsha imele inkalo ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko lwehotele. Le mithetho ijolise ekuthinteleni okanye ekunciphiseni ukusasazeka kwemililo, ukukhusela iindwendwe kunye nepropathi. Imigangatho emininzi ephambili ilawula ifenitshala efakwe upholstery kwiihotele zaseMelika.

• I-California TB 117-2013 (Iikhalori 117): Lo mgangatho ubeka iimfuno zokhuseleko kwizihlalo ezifakwe upholstery. Uvavanya ukumelana nomthombo wokutshaya icuba. Ukuze kudlule oko, ilaphu akufuneki litshise ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-45, libe nobude obungaphantsi kwe-45mm, kwaye lingatshisi emalangatyeni. Amazwe amaninzi ase-US naseKhanada alandela lo mgangatho ngenxa yobukhulu bemarike yaseCalifornia kunye nemithetho yomlilo esemthethweni.
• I-NFPA 260 / UFAC (iBhunga leNtshukumo yeFenitshala eNxibeleleneyo): Lo mgangatho usetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimpahla ezingezizo ezokuhlala, kuquka neehotele. Udinga ukuba ubude betshani bungadluli kwi-1.8 intshi (45mm). Ifoam ayinakuvutha xa ivavanywa ngefoam engaphantsi koxinano olungena-FR.
• Iphephandaba laseCalifornia 133 (CAL 133): Lo mthetho ujongana ngqo nokutsha kwefenitshala esetyenziswa 'kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke,' njengezakhiwo zikarhulumente kunye neeofisi ezihlala abantu abalishumi nangaphezulu. Ngokungafaniyo ne-CAL 117, i-CAL 133 ifuna ukuvavanya yonke ifenitshala, kungekuphela nje kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Oku kubandakanya indibaniselwano eyahlukeneyo yamalaphu, iipadding, kunye nezinto zefreyimu.
• Ngowama-2021, umgangatho omtsha wokhuseleko karhulumente kwimililo yefenitshala efakwe upholstery waqala ukusebenza. ICongress yayalela lo mgangatho kumthetho woncedo lwe-COVID. Lo mgangatho karhulumente wamkela umgangatho waseCalifornia wokutsha kwefenitshala, i-TB-117-2013, ojongana ngqo nemililo etshayo.

Abavelisi kufuneka benze iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Ezi ziquka:

• Iphephandaba lobuGcisa laseCalifornia (TB) 117-2013: Le ncwadana isebenza kumalaphu okugquma, izinto zokuthintela, kunye nezinto zokuzalisa eziqinileyo kwifenitshala egqumayo. Iyalela uvavanyo oluthile lokutsha kwilaphu lokugquma, izinto zokuthintela, kunye nezinto zokuzalisa eziqinileyo. Ifenitshala egqumayo ephumelele ezi mvavanyo kufuneka ibe neleyibhile yesatifikethi esisisigxina esithi: 'Iyahambelana neemfuno ze-CPSC zase-US zokutsha kwefenitshala egqumayo'.
• I-ASTM E1537 - Indlela yoVavanyo oluQhelekileyo loVavanyo loMlilo lweFenitshala eneZixhobo: Lo mgangatho ubeka indlela yokuvavanya indlela umlilo osabela ngayo kwifenitshala efakwe upholstery kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke xa itshatyalaliswa lilangatye.
• I-NFPA 260 – Iindlela eziQhelekileyo zoVavanyo kunye neNkqubo yoHlelo lokuxhathisa ukutsha kwecuba kwiinxalenye zefenitshala efakwe upholstery: Lo mgangatho ubeka iindlela zokuvavanya nokwahlulahlula ukumelana kwezixhobo zefenitshala ezifakwe upholstery kwiicuba ezivuthayo.

Ukuthobela i-ADA ekuKhethweni kweFenitshala yeHotele

UMthetho waseMelika oKhubazekileyo (i-ADA) uqinisekisa ukufikeleleka kwazo zonke iindwendwe. Iihotele kufuneka zikhethe kwaye zilungiseleleifenitshala yehoteleukuhlangabezana nezikhokelo ezithile ze-ADA, ingakumbi kumagumbi eendwendwe.

• Ukuphakama kwebhediNangona i-ADA inganikeli zikhokelo ezithile, iihotele kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba iibhedi ziyasetyenziswa ngabantu abakhubazekileyo. I-ADA National Network icebisa ukuba ubude bebhedi bube phakathi kwee-intshi ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-23 ukusuka emgangathweni ukuya phezulu komatrasi. Iibhedi eziphakamileyo kakhulu kunee-intshi ezingama-20 zinokubangela ubunzima kubasebenzisi bezitulo ezinamavili. Ezinye iingcebiso zibonisa ukuba umphezulu kamatrasi kufuneka ube phakathi kwee-intshi ezili-17 ukuya kwezingama-23 ukusuka emgangathweni ukuze kube lula ukuhambisa.
• Iidesika neetafile: Iitafile kunye needesika ezifikelelekayo kufuneka zibe nobude bomphezulu obungadluli kwiisentimitha ezingama-34 kwaye zingadluli kwiisentimitha ezingama-28 ngaphezu komgangatho. Zifuna ubuncinci iisentimitha ezingama-27 zokuvuleka kwamadolo phakathi komgangatho kunye necala elingaphantsi kwetafile. Indawo ecacileyo yomgangatho eyisentimitha ezingama-30 ububanzi neesentimitha ezingama-48 iyimfuneko kwindawo nganye yokuhlala efikelelekayo, yolulele iisentimitha ezili-19 phantsi kwetafile ukuze kuvuleke imilenze kunye nedolo.
• Indlela ecacileyo kunye nendawo yomgangatho: Iibhedi, izitulo, kunye nenye ifenitshala kufuneka zivumele ubuncinane ii-intshi ezingama-36 zendlela ecacileyo yokuhambahamba. Ubuncinane indawo enye yokulala kufuneka inike indawo ecacileyo yomgangatho wee-intshi ezingama-30 ngobubanzi obungama-intshi angama-48 kumacala omabini ebhedi, okuvumela indlela ehambelanayo. Le ndawo ecacileyo yomgangatho iqinisekisa ukuba iindwendwe ziyakwazi ukuqhuba izitulo ezinamavili okanye ezinye izixhobo zokuhambahamba.
• Iivenkile zombaneIindwendwe kufuneka zikwazi ukufikelela kwiindawo zombane ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu. Ukubekwa kwefenitshala akufanele kuthintele ukufikelela kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo.

Imigangatho yokukhupha iikhemikhali kwizixhobo zefenitshala yehotele

Ukukhutshwa kweekhemikhali ezivela kwimpahla yefenitshala kunokuchaphazela umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kunye nempilo yendwendwe. Imigaqo kunye neziqinisekiso zijongana neeVolatile Organic Compounds (ii-VOC) kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi.

• Imida ye-VOC kunye neFormaldehydeImigangatho efana ne-UL Greenguard Gold kunye ne-CARB Phase 2 ibeka imida evumelekileyo yokukhupha ukungcola.

• Iikhemikhali ezithintelweyo: Umgangatho weGreen Seal GS-33 weeHotele kunye neeNdawo zokuHlala ucacisa imiqathango yeepeyinti, ezidla ngokudibana nezinto zefenitshala. Ubeka imida yomxholo weVOC kwiipeyinti zokwakha. Ukongeza, iipeyinti akufuneki zibe neentsimbi ezinzima okanye izinto eziphilayo ezinobuthi ezifana ne-antimony, i-cadmium, i-lead, i-mercury, i-formaldehyde, kunye nee-phthalate esters.
• Isiqinisekiso seGreenguard: Esi siqinisekiso sizimeleyo sivavanya ngokungqongqo izixhobo zokukhupha ukungcola okuyingozi njenge-formaldehyde, ii-VOC, kunye ne-carbon monoxide. Sinceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iimveliso, kuquka ifenitshala, ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho womoya wangaphakathi.

Ukhuseleko lweMveliso ngokubanzi kunye nozinzo lweFenitshala yehotele

Ngaphandle kokutsha nokukhutshwa kweekhemikhali, ukhuseleko kunye nozinzo lwemveliso ngokubanzi zibaluleke kakhulu. Ifenitshala kufuneka ikhuseleke ekusetyenzisweni kwemihla ngemihla, ithintele ukwenzakala okuvela ekuqhekekeni, ukonakala kwesakhiwo, okanye izinto eziyingozi.

• Uzinzo kunye noKuchasana neTip-Over: Ifenitshala, ingakumbi izinto ezinde ezifana neekhabhathi kunye needrowa, kufuneka zizinzile ukuthintela iingozi zokugoba. Ezi ngozi zibeka ingozi enkulu, ngakumbi kubantwana. I-CPSC yamkele umgangatho wokuzithandela we-ASTM F2057-23 njengomgangatho wokhuseleko onyanzelekileyo nge-19 ka-Epreli 2023, ukuthintela ukugoba kwefenitshala. Lo mgangatho usebenza kwiiyunithi zokugcina impahla ezizimeleyo ezingama-intshi angama-27 okanye ngaphezulu. Iimfuno eziphambili zokusebenza ziquka uvavanyo lokuzinza kwikhaphethi, kunye needrowa ezigcweleyo, kunye needrowa ezininzi ezivulekileyo, kunye nokulinganisa ubunzima babantwana ukuya kuthi ga kwiikhilogram ezingama-60. Iyunithi akufuneki igoba okanye ixhaswe kuphela yidrowa evuliweyo okanye ucango ngexesha lovavanyo.
• Ukhuseleko lwezixhobo kunye nobutyhefu: Izinto zefenitshala (umthi, i-upholstery, isinyithi, iplastiki, i-foam) mazingabi nakhemikhali ezinobungozi. Iziqinisekiso ezifana neGreenguard Gold kunye nemigaqo efana neCalifornia Proposition 65 ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezinto. Imithetho ijongana neengxaki ezifana ne-lead kwipeyinti, i-formaldehyde kwiimveliso zomthi ezidityanisiweyo, kunye nokuvalwa kwezinye izinto ezithintela ilangabi.
• Ukunyaniseka kwesakhiwo: Ulwakhiwo, kuquka isakhelo, amalungu, kunye nezinto, kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba zihlala ixesha elide. Oku kuthintela imiba efana nokuwa okanye ukugoba. Amalungu asemgangathweni (umz., umsila wedovetail, i-mortise kunye ne-tenon), izinto eziqinileyo (imithi eqinileyo, isinyithi), kunye nokulinganiswa kobunzima obufanelekileyo kubalulekile.
• Iingozi Zoomatshini: Ifenitshala kufuneka ithintele iingozi ezivela kwizinto zoomatshini. Imiphetho ebukhali, iindawo eziphumayo, kunye nolwakhiwo olungazinzanga kunokubangela ukwenzakala. Amagunya olawulo afana neCPSC amisela imigangatho yezinto ezifana nezitulo ezisongwayo zabantwana kunye neebhedi ezingaphantsi ukuze kujongwane nale mingcipheko.

Iikhowudi zeZakhiwo zasekuhlaleni kunye neemfuno zoMcebisi woMlilo kwiFenitshala yehotele

Imithetho yokwakha yasekuhlaleni kunye neemfuno zomphathi womlilo zihlala zilawula indlela iihotele ezicwangcisa ngayo ifenitshala, ingakumbi malunga neendlela zokuphuma kunye nokhuseleko lomlilo. Ngelixa imithetho yokwakha ngokubanzi igxila ekuqineni kwesakhiwo kunye neenkqubo zomlilo ngokubanzi, abaphathi bomlilo ngokukodwa baqinisekisa iindlela ezicacileyo.

• Iindlela Zokuphuma: Iindawo zokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka mazihlale zingaphazanyiswanga kwaphela, ububanzi obucacileyo obuziisentimitha ezingama-28 ubuncinane. Nakuphi na ukunciphisa ububanzi obucacileyo, naluphi na uthintelo (njengokugcina impahla, ifenitshala, okanye izixhobo), okanye naluphi na ucango olutshixiweyo olufuna isitshixo sokuphuma luphula umthetho ngoko nangoko. Abasebenzi bokhuseleko badla ngokwenza ukujikeleza okuqhubekayo kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi kunye nemigangatho yegumbi leendwendwe ukuze babike uthintelo, ingakumbi ezo zivala iindlela zokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka.
• Ukuvalwa kwefenitshalaIihotele kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba indawo yefenitshala ayithinteli iindlela zokuphuma. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokuphazamiseka ziquka ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuphuma njengendawo yokugcina izinto ngexesha lokulungiswa okanye ukuqokelelana okwethutyana kwezinto. Ezi zenzo ziguqula inkqubo yokuphuma ibe yimfanelo.
• Imithetho ethile: Izicwangciso zokhuseleko lomlilo kunye nokufuduka kwabantu eNew York City ziquka izibalo zezakhiwo, izinyuko, iilifti, umoya ongenisayo, kunye nemizobo. Nangona kunjalo, azilawuli ngokukodwa ukubekwa kwefenitshala. Ngokufanayo, ikhowudi yokwakha yaseLos Angeles igxila kwiinjongo eziqhelekileyo ezifana nokukhusela ubomi kunye nepropathi, ngaphandle kweenkcukacha ezithile malunga nokubekwa kwefenitshala yokhuseleko lomlilo. Ke ngoko, iihotele kufuneka zilandele imigaqo yokhuseleko lomlilo ngokubanzi kunye nemiyalelo yomphathi womlilo malunga nokuphuma okucacileyo.

Indlela Ecwangcisiweyo Yokufumana Ifanitshala Yehotele Ethobelayo

Ukuthenga okuvumelanayoifenitshala yehoteleifuna indlela ecwangcisiweyo nenolwazi. Iihotele kufuneka zidlulele ngaphaya kokuqwalaselwa kobuhle kwaye zibeke phambili ukhuseleko, ukufikeleleka, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho kwasekuqaleni. Le nkqubo yokuthenga ngobuchule inciphisa iingozi kwaye iqinisekisa indawo ekhuselekileyo nekhululekileyo kuzo zonke iindwendwe.

Ubuchule obufanelekileyo ekuchongeni iMithetho esebenzayo yeFenitshala yehotele

Iihotele kufuneka zenze uphengululo olunzulu ukuze zichonge yonke imithetho esebenzayo. Olu phando luqinisekisa ukuba zonke izinto ezikhethiweyo zefenitshala ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zomthetho zangoku. Oorhulumente kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe basebenzisa imithetho engqongqo kwizixhobo, iinkqubo zemveliso, kunye neendlela zozinzo ekuvelisweni kwefenitshala. Olu tshintsho luchaphazela kakhulu imakethi yefenitshala yehotele. Iihotele zinokuphanda utshintsho lwangoku noluzayo kwimithetho ngokubonisana nemithombo eyahlukeneyo ethembekileyo. Le mithombo ibandakanya iiarhente zikarhulumente, imibutho elawulayo, iidathabheyisi ezithembekileyo kunye neencwadana (ezifana neBloomberg, Wind Info, Hoovers, Factiva, kunye neStatista), kunye nemibutho yoshishino. Ukuhlala unolwazi ngale migangatho iguqukayo kubalulekile ukuze kuthotyelwe imiqathango yexesha elide.

Ukukhetha Abathengisi Abahloniphekileyo Befenitshala Yehotele Ehambelanayo

Ukukhetha umthengisi ofanelekileyo linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthobela imithetho yefenitshala. Iihotele kufuneka zihlole ababoneleli abanokubakho ngokusekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezininzi eziphambili. Kufuneka bajonge ababoneleli abanerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo kunye nodumo lweshishini. Aba bathengisi kufuneka babe namava eminyaka kwicandelo leehotele. Kufuneka banike ubungqina bentsebenziswano ephumelelayo kwaye bahlangabezane nexesha elibekiweyo rhoqo. Ubungqina babathengi, izifundo zamatyala, kunye nokutyelela ifektri kunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nobuchule kunye nokuthembeka komthengisi.

Ngaphezu koko, iihotele kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba umthengisi ulandela imigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo kunye nemigangatho yoshishino. Oku kuquka ukulibaziseka komlilo, imida yetyhefu, kunye noyilo lwe-ergonomic. Abathengisi kufuneka banike iziqinisekiso ezifana nemigangatho ye-ISO, iziqinisekiso zokhuseleko lomlilo, okanye imvume yengingqi efanelekileyo. La maxwebhu akhusela iindwendwe kunye neshishini lehotele kwiimbopheleleko. Ukuvavanya ubukho bemarike yomenzi kunye nembali emiselweyo nako kubalulekile. Abathengisi abanamava badla ngokuba neenkqubo ezilungelelanisiweyo kunye nokuqonda okunzulu kweemfuno zokwamkela iindwendwe. Bakwanayo nepotifoliyo yeeprojekthi ezigqityiweyo. Ukujonga uphononongo, ukucela iireferensi, kunye nokutyelela ukufakelwa kwangaphambili kunokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwazo.

Xa zithetha nabathengisi, iihotele kufuneka zibuze imibuzo ethile ukuqinisekisa ukuqonda kwazo kunye nokubambelela kwazo kwimithetho yefenitshala yehotele yase-US. Le mibuzo ibandakanya imibuzo malunga novavanyo lokungatshayi komlilo olugunyaziswe yiNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA) kwifenitshala efakwe upholstery. Iihotele kufuneka zibuze malunga neMigangatho ye-BIFMA yokuqina kwesakhiwo kunye nokuqina, esebenza kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zefenitshala ezifana neesofa, iitafile ezisecaleni, kunye nezitulo zeebha. Abathengisi kufuneka bathobele iMigangatho ye-ASTM kunye nemilinganiselo ye-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) egubungela ukumelana nomlilo kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo. Eminye imibuzo ebalulekileyo iphathelele imigangatho yokutsha, ukumelana nokutsha, imigaqo yokhuseleko lomlilo, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwe-ADA.

Izinto ezichazayo zeFenitshala yehotele ekhuselekileyo nehambelanayo

Iinkcukacha zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zichaphazela ngqo ukhuseleko kunye nokuthobela ifanitshala yehotele. Iihotele kufuneka zikhethe izixhobo ezihlangabezana nemigangatho eqinileyo yokutsha kunye nokuqina. Kwilaphu kunye neefoam ezithintela umlilo, ifenitshala kunye neematrasi ezifakwe upholstery kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yokutsha esekwe yi-ASTM E 1537 okanye iCalifornia Technical Bulletin 133. Iimatrasi zifuna ngokukodwa ukuthotyelwa kweCalifornia Technical Bulletin 129. ICalifornia Technical Bulletin 133 yindlela yovavanyo emiselweyo yokutsha kwefenitshala kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke. Ngelixa iCalifornia Technical Bulletin 117 ingumgangatho onyanzelekileyo wefenitshala efakwe upholstery yokuhlala, iindawo ezininzi zikawonke-wonke ziqulethe ifenitshala ehlangabezana nalo mgangatho kuphela. Ezinye iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo ziquka iNFPA 701 Test 1 yeedrapery, iNFPA 260 yeempahla, kunye ne-ASTM E-84 Enamathela kwiingubo zodonga. I-NFPA 260 ilinganisa ukumelana kwelaphu lempahla efakwe upholstery ekutshisweni yicuba eliqhumayo. I-NFPA 701 Test #1 ihlela amalaphu amakhethini kunye nezinye izinto ezixhonyiweyo. I-CAL/TB 117 ihlela amalaphu e-upholstery, ngakumbi asetyenziselwa ngaphakathi eCalifornia.

Ukuze kusetyenziswe ifenitshala yehotele eqinileyo nehambelanayo, izinto ezithile zibonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu. Iinkuni eziqinileyo ezifana ne-Ipe, i-Teak, i-Oak, i-Cherry wood, i-Maple, i-Acacia, i-Eucalyptus, kunye ne-Mahogany zibonelela ngoxinano, amandla, kunye nokuqina ixesha elide. Ii-laminates ze-bamboo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye ne-plywood ye-premium nazo zibonelela ngokusebenza okuqinileyo nokuzinzileyo. Kwiiplastiki, i-HDPE yomgangatho wesakhiwo ithembeke kakhulu ngenxa yozinzo lwayo, amandla, kunye nokumelana nemozulu. I-Polycarbonate ibonelela ngamandla angaqhelekanga okuchaphazeleka, kwaye i-ABS ibonelela ngesakhiwo esicocekileyo, esiqinileyo kwiindawo ezilawulwayo. Iintsimbi ezifana neentsimbi ezingenasici (304 kunye ne-316) zibonelela ngamandla ahlala ixesha elide kunye nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. Intsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo ibonelela ngokusebenza okuqinileyo, okuchanekileyo, okungabizi kakhulu, kwaye i-aluminium ekhutshiweyo (6063) ibonelela ngamandla alula kunye nokuguquguquka koyilo. Ezi zinto ziqinisekisa ukuba ifenitshala inokumelana nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye igcine ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Amaxwebhu abalulekileyo kunye nesiqinisekiso sefenitshala yehotele

Ukugcina amaxwebhu apheleleyo kunye neziqinisekiso kubalulekile ekuboniseni ukuthobela ngexesha lokuhlolwa kweencwadi. Iihotele kufuneka zicele iziqinisekiso ezithile kubavelisi befenitshala. Ezi ziquka isiqinisekiso seBIFMA LEVEL®, isiqinisekiso senqanaba leFEMB, isiqinisekiso se-UL GREENGUARD (kunye nesiqinisekiso seGolide se-UL GREENGUARD), kunye novavanyo lwe-BIFMA M7.1 lwe-VOC Emissions ezivela kwiFenitshala yeOfisi kunye neZitulo. Iinkonzo zokuthobela iSindululo saseCalifornia 65 kunye nesiqinisekiso sokuVunywa kweMveliso yokusingqongileyo nazo zibalulekile.

Ngeenjongo zophicotho-zincwadi, iihotele kufuneka zigcine uluhlu lwamaxwebhu abalulekileyo. Oku kuquka iingxelo zovavanyo lomntu wesithathu, iZatifikethi zoHlalutyo lweMpahla (ii-COA), amaphepha edatha yokugqiba, kunye neenkcukacha zokupakisha. Iwaranti ebhaliweyo yesakhiwo, edla ngokuba yiminyaka emi-3-5 yezinto zesivumelwano, nayo iyimfuneko. Iihotele kufuneka zigcine amaxwebhu okuvuma izinto, njengee-veneer/ilaphu kunye nedatha yovavanyo, kunye nokuvunywa kwephaneli yokugqiba. Ukuvunywa kweyunithi yovavanyo emele imveliso nako kubalulekile. Amaxwebhu okuvezwa kwe-ISO 9227 yetyuwa kwizixhobo, apho kukho umngcipheko wokugqwala, kubalulekile. Amaxwebhu okuthobela ukutsha, kuquka iimfuno zaseCalifornia TB117-2013 kunye nokulebhelisha, kunye nokuhlelwa kwecandelo le-NFPA 260, kufuneka afumaneke ngokulula. Amaxwebhu okuthobela ukukhutshelwa komoya, afana nokuthobela iSihloko se-TSCA VI, iilebheli, kunye namaxwebhu okungenisa ngokwesikhokelo senkqubo ye-EPA, kunye nokuhlelwa kwe-E1 okuqinisekiswe yindlela yegumbi le-EN 717-1, nawo ayafuneka. Iilebheli zeSihloko se-TSCA VI ezibonelelwa ngumthengisi kwiiphaneli ezidityanisiweyo kunye neelebheli ze-TB117-2013 kunye nedatha yovavanyo lwelaphu zibalulekile. Okokugqibela, kufuneka amaxwebhu emigangatho yokuhlala efanelekileyo (umz., i-BIFMA X5.4, i-EN 16139/1728) kunye neengxelo zomntu wesithathu kunye nokulebhelisha/ukuthotyelwa kwelebhu ngokwephepha lenkqubo ye-EPA TSCA Title VI yeempahla eziya e-US.

Izikhokelo zoFakelo kunye nokubekwa kweFanitshala yehotele

Ukufakwa kunye nokubekwa kwefenitshala ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile kukhuseleko lwendwendwe kunye nokuthobela imigangatho yokufikeleleka. Iihotele kufuneka zinamathele ifenitshala kunye nomabonwakude eludongeni okanye kumgangatho zisebenzisa izibiyeli, izibiyeli, okanye imitya yodonga. Kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba izibiyeli zibotshelelwe kwizikhonkwane zodonga ukuze zihlale zizinzile. Ukufaka izikhiya ezimelana nabantwana kwiidrowa kuthintela ukuba zingatsalwa kwaye zisetyenziswe njengezinyuko zokunyuka. Ukubeka izinto ezinzima kwiishelufu ezisezantsi okanye kwiidrowa kunciphisa umbindi womxhuzulane. Iihotele kufuneka ziphephe ukubeka izinto ezinzima, njengeethelevishini, phezu kwefenitshala engenzelwanga ukuxhasa loo mithwalo. Ukugcina izinto zokudlala zabantwana, iincwadi, kunye nezinye izinto kwiishelufu ezisezantsi kuyakuthintela ukunyuka. Ukuvavanya rhoqo ukubekwa kwefenitshala kunciphisa iingozi. Iihotele kufuneka zihlole ifenitshala rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuze zijonge ukushukuma okanye ukungahlali kakuhle, izikrufu ezikhululekileyo okanye izikhewu kwiindawo ezidibeneyo, kunye nezibiyeli ezitsala kude nodonga. Ukufaka izibiyeli ezimile okwe-L ngasemva kweekhabhathi ezinde kunye nee-TV stands kubonelela ngokubambelela kodonga okanye umgangatho okukhuselekileyo. Ukusebenzisa intsimbi eqinileyo eqinisiweyo okanye intsimbi yekhabhoni enomgangatho we-S235 okanye ngaphezulu kwiindawo zokwakha, ezinee-welds eziqinisiweyo kwiindawo zoxinzelelo, kuphucula ukuqina. Ukuyila ii-ports zokufikelela ukuze kuhlolwe iibholithi kuvumela ukujonga rhoqo izibophelelo kunye nokutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kweendawo ezikhululekileyo okanye ezonakeleyo. Izakhiwo zefenitshala eziziimodyuli zinceda ekutshintshweni kweendawo ezikwindawo, nto leyo enciphisa ubunzima kunye neendleko zokulungisa.

Ukubeka ifenitshala, iihotele kufuneka zigcine iindlela ezicacileyo zokuphuma kunye nokufikeleleka kwe-ADA kumagumbi nakwiindawo eziqhelekileyo. Iindlela zokujikeleza ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindawo zomsebenzi zabasebenzi kufuneka zihambelane nobubanzi obuncinci be-intshi ezingama-36. Izinto ezingafaniyo nale mfuneko ziquka iindawo ezingaphantsi kwe-1000 square feet ezichazwe zizinto ezisisigxina kunye neendlela ezijikeleze izixhobo zendawo yokusebenza eziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yendawo yokusebenza. Izinto eziveleleyo akufuneki zivele ngaphezu kwe-intshi ezi-4 kuyo nayiphi na indlela yokujikeleza, kuquka nezo zikwiindawo zabasebenzi, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabantu abangaboni kakuhle. Iindlela ezifikelelekayo kufuneka zibe nobubanzi obuncinci be-intshi ezingama-36. Ukuba kujikelezwe into engaphantsi kwe-intshi ezingama-48 ububanzi, ububanzi obucacileyo kufuneka bube ubuncinane be-intshi ezingama-42 ezisondelayo neziphumayo kwindawo yokujikeleza, kunye ne-intshi ezingama-48 kwindawo yokujikeleza ngokwayo. Iingcango ezivulekileyo kwiindawo ezifikelelekayo kufuneka zibonelele ububanzi obuncinci be-intshi ezingama-32. Kwiingcango ezijikelezayo, olu linganiso luthathwa phakathi kobuso bomnyango kunye nendawo yokungena xa umnyango uvuliwe kwiidigri ezingama-90. Iingcango ezinzulu kune-intshi ezingama-24 zifuna ukuvulwa okucacileyo okuncinci kwe-intshi ezingama-36. Indlela efikelelekayo eya kwitafile nganye efikelelekayo kufuneka ibandakanye indawo ecacileyo yomgangatho engama-intshi angama-30 nge-48 kwindawo nganye yokuhlala, kunye nee-intshi ezili-19 zale ndawo ezifikelela phantsi kwetafile ukuze kususwe imilenze namadolo. Ubuncinane indawo enye yokulala kufuneka inike indawo ecacileyo yomgangatho engama-intshi angama-30 nge-48 kumacala omabini ebhedi, ibekwe ngendlela ehambelanayo.

Ukuphepha Iingxaki Eziqhelekileyo Ekuthobeleni Imithetho Yefenitshala Yehotele

Iihotele zihlala zidibana neengxaki ezahlukeneyo xa zithenga ifenitshala. Ukuqonda ezi mpazamo ziqhelekileyo kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho ngokupheleleyo kunye nokhuseleko lwendwendwe.

Umngcipheko Wokungahoyi Iinguqu Zasekuhlaleni Kwimithetho Yefenitshala Yehotele

Imithetho karhulumente inika isiseko, kodwa imithetho yasekuhlaleni idla ngokubeka iimfuno ezongezelelweyo nezingqongqo. Iihotele kufuneka ziphande iikhowudi ezithile zelizwe kunye nezomasipala. Umzekelo, iCalifornia inemithetho yefenitshala eyahlukileyo. I-California Technical Bulletin 117, ehlaziywe ngo-2013, iyalela imigangatho ethile yokumelana nokutsha kwezinto zefenitshala ezifakwe upholstery. ICalifornia ikwafuna 'iileyibhile zomthetho' kwifenitshala efakwe upholstery, iinkcukacha zezinto zokuzalisa kunye neengxelo zesatifikethi, ezahlukileyo kwimigangatho karhulumente. Ngaphezu koko, iSindululo saseCalifornia 65 sifuna izilumkiso ukuba ifenitshala inezinto ezaziwa ngokuba zibangela umhlaza okanye ingozi yokuzala, njenge-formaldehyde okanye i-lead, edlula imida ekhuselekileyo yezibuko.

Kutheni "Ibanga leNtengiso" lingathethi rhoqo ukuba ifenitshala yehotele iyahambelana

Igama elithi “umgangatho worhwebo” aliqinisekisi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuthotyelwa ngokupheleleyo kokusetyenziswa kwehotele. Nangona ifenitshala yokwamkela iindwendwe ekumgangatho wezorhwebo imelana nezithuthi ezininzi ngcono kuneempahla ezithengiswayo, isenokungahlangabezani nayo yonke imigangatho engqongqo yehotele. Ifenitshala ehambelana nehotele, eyaziwa ngokuba yifenitshala yesivumelwano, ivavanywa ngokungqongqo kwesatifikethi se-ANSI/BIFMA. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo ethile yoshishino yokhuseleko, umlilo, kunye nokufikeleleka. Umzekelo, isatifikethi seGREENGUARD Gold sibeka imida ephantsi ye-VOC kwaye siquka iikhrayitheriya ezisekelwe kwimpilo yabantu abanovakalelo, ezidlula imigangatho yeGREENGUARD ngokubanzi. Ukongeza, ifenitshala ehambelana nemithetho idla ngokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lomlilo efana ne-CAL 133, uvavanyo olunzima lokutsha kwiimveliso zokuhlala.

Impembelelo yoLondolozo kunye nokuNxitywa kwiMithetho yeFenitshala yeHotele

Kwanefenitshala ehambelanayo ekuqaleni isenokungahambelani nomthetho ngenxa yokuguguleka. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kubalulekile. Izalathisi zokuguguleka ziquka amalungu akhululekileyo kunye nokushukuma kwefreyimu, okubonakala njengezithuba okanye intshukumo phantsi koxinzelelo. Ukuxobuka kwe-veneers kunye nepeyinti, okubonakaliswa kukuphakamisa imiphetho okanye iindawo eziqhumayo, nako kubonisa ukuwohloka. Imiphetho ebukhali, ukugqitywa okurhabaxa, imiqamelo egobileyo, kunye nokuthungwa okungalunganga kunokubangela iingozi zokhuseleko. Iihotele kufuneka zihlole ifenitshala rhoqo ukuze zichonge kwaye zijongane nale micimbi, zithintele ukwenzakala okunokwenzeka kwaye zigcine umgaqo.

Iindleko zexesha elide zeFenitshala yehotele eqhutywa yimali eninzi

Ukukhetha ifenitshala ekumgangatho ophantsi ukuze wonge imali ekuqaleni kudla ngokukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zexesha elide. Ezi zivumelwano ziqhutywa yibhajethi zifuna ukutshintshwa kwangoko, ngakumbi kwiindawo zeehotele ezinabantu abaninzi. Ifenitshala yehotele ezinzileyo, nangona ilutyalo-mali lokuqala oluphezulu, inciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokugcina nokutshintsha ngenxa yokuqina kwayo. Ifenitshala egcinwe kakubi okanye ebonakala yonakeleyo inokunyusa ukuvezwa kwezomthetho. Oku kwenza kube lula kubamangali ukuba baphikisane ngokungakhathali kumatyala oxanduva, ngakumbi ukuba ifenitshala ayihambelani nemigaqo yokhuseleko okanye yokufikeleleka.

Iihotele ziqinisekisa ukuba ifenitshala ihambelana nemithetho ngophando olucokisekileyo,ukhetho lwabathengisi abathembekileyo, kunye neenkcukacha ezichanekileyo zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Bagcina amaxwebhu abalulekileyo kwaye balandela izikhokelo ezingqongqo zokufakela. Ukuthobela imithetho ngokukhawuleza kukhusela iindwendwe kwaye kuphakamisa udumo lwehotele. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ekukhetheni nasekulungiseni ifenitshala kuhlala kubalulekile ukuze kubekho ukhuseleko oluhlala luhleli kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

FAQ

Ngowuphi umthetho obaluleke kakhulu wokutsha kwefenitshala yehotele?

I-California TB 117-2013 ngumgangatho obalulekileyo. Ivavanya ukumelana kwefenitshala efakwe upholstery ekutshisweni yicuba. Amazwe amaninzi ayamkela lo mgangatho.

Ukuthobela i-ADA kuyichaphazela njani indlela yokukhetha iibhedi zehotele?

Ukuthobela i-ADA kufuna ubude beebhedi obufikelelekayo. I-ADA National Network icebisa ubude beebhedi obuphakathi kwee-intshi ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-23 ukusuka emgangathweni ukuya phezulu komatrasi ukuze kube lula ukuthutha.

Kutheni "umgangatho worhwebo" ungasoloko wanele kwifenitshala yehotele?

Ifenitshala “yodidi lwezorhwebo” isenokungafikeleli kwimigangatho engqongqo yehotele. Ifenitshala ehambelana nehotele ivavanywa ngokungqongqo kwesatifikethi se-ANSI/BIFMA sokhuseleko, umlilo, kunye nokufikeleleka.