Isikhokelo se-FF&E seHotel: Izixhobo, iMigangatho, kunye neMikhwa eBalaseleyo

Intshayelelo

I-FF&E yehotele ibumba okungaphezulu kakhulu kunenkangeleko yepropati: ichaphazela intuthuzelo yendwendwe, ukuhambelana kophawu, ukuqina, iindleko zokugcinwa, kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lokuvula. Ukusuka kwiimpahla zegumbi leendwendwe kunye nezihlalo ukuya ekukhanyiseni, amalaphu, kunye nezinto zokuhombisa, yonke inkcazo kufuneka ilinganise injongo yoyilo kunye nokusebenza korhwebo. Esi sikhokelo sichaza ukhetho lwezinto eziphambili, imigangatho echaphazela ukhuseleko kunye nobomi obude, kunye neendlela ezilungileyo ezisebenzayo ezisetyenziswa ukulawula iindleko, umgangatho, kunye nomngcipheko wokuthengwa. Ekugqibeleni, abafundi baya kuba nesakhelo esicacileyo sokuvavanya izigqibo ze-FF&E ezixhasa imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nexabiso lempahla yexesha elide.

Kutheni i-FF&E yehotele ibalulekile

Kwicandelo lokwamkela iindwendwe elikhuphisana kakhulu, iFenitshala, izixhobo, kunye nezixhobo (FF&E) zimele ukudibana okubalulekileyouphawu lwesazisi, amava eendwendwe, kunye nenkcitho yenkunzi. Amaqhinga e-FF&E asebenzayo achaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lempahla yepropati, echaza iindleko zokuqala zophuhliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwehotele ixesha elide.

Ukuchaza ifenitshala, izixhobo, kunye nezixhobo

I-FF&E iquka zonke izinto ezifudukayo ngaphakathi kwehotele ezingaxhonywanga ngokusisigxina kwisakhiwo esiphambili sesakhiwo. Oku kuqukaiimpahla zegumbi leendwendwe, izihlalo zegumbi lokwamkela iindwendwe, izibane zokuhombisa, unyango lweefestile, iikhaphethi ze-broadloom, kunye nemifanekiso yobugcisa ehleliweyo. Yahlukile kwimisebenzi ye-Operating Supplies and Equipment (OS&E), egubungela izinto ezisetyenziswayo okanye ezitshintshwa rhoqo ezifana neelinen zebhedi, izinto zokuhlambela, izinto zeglasi, kunye neyunifomu yabasebenzi.

Ngokwembono yezemali, i-FF&E idla ngokutya inxalenye enkulu yemali yophuhliso, idla ngokuba yi-10% ukuya kwi-15% yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lweprojekthi iyonke kwizakhiwo ezintsha zeehotele. Ukulawula le nkcitho kufuna iinkcukacha zobugcisa ezichanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezikhethiweyo zinokumelana nokusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo okuxineneyo ngaphandle kokunyusa ngokungeyomfuneko imali yokuqala okanye ukulibazisa ishedyuli yokuvulwa kwepropathi.

Imilinganiselo ephambili yeMigangatho yeBrand kunye neCapEx

Abanini beehotele kunye nabaqhubi bahlala bejongana noxinzelelo phakathi kwemigangatho engqongqo yeempawu kunye nemida yenkcitho ye-hard capital (CapEx). Abanini bee-franchise abaphambili bayalela ubuhle boyilo oluthile ukugcina ukuhambelana kweempawu zehlabathi, benyanzelisa ngokungqongqo iZicwangciso zoPhuculo lweePropati (ii-PIP) ngexesha lokudluliselwa kobunini, ukuhlaziywa kwee-franchise, okanye imizamo yokutshintsha uphawu. Ukuxhasa le miyalelo, abanini bahlala begcina i-akhawunti yokugcina yeCapEx exhaswa yi-4% ukuya kwi-5% yengeniso yonyaka iyonke yehotele.

Imigangatho yoshishino iyalela ishedyuli yokutshintshwa eqinileyo nejikelezayo ukuze kugcinwe ukhuphiswano lwemarike. Ukuhlaziywa kweempahla ezithambileyo—kuquka izigqubuthelo zodonga, unyango lweefestile, kunye neempahla ezihonjisiweyo—kudla ngokwenzeka rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweyesi-7. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukutshintshwa kweempahla eziqinileyo kunye neempahla ezihonjisiweyo kucwangciselwe iminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-14. Ubunjineli bexabiso lesicwangciso, obubandakanya ukutshintsha izinto ukuze kufezekiswe ubuhle beempawu ezifanayo ngexabiso eliphantsi, kubalulekile ekugcineni imbuyekezo ekujoliswe kuyo kutyalo-mali ngeli xesha lemijikelo eninzi kakhulu.

Izixhobo, Ukusebenza, kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho

Ukuguqulela uyilo lwangaphakathi oluyingcamango lube yi-FF&E yehotele esebenzayo kufuna indlela engqongqo nesekelwe kwidatha yokwenza njalo.ukukhetha izintoIindawo zokwamkela iindwendwe zifuna iimveliso ezinokunyamezela ukuguguleka okunzima nokuqhubekayo ngelixa kwangaxeshanye zizalisekisa imigaqo engqongqo kunye neekhowudi zokhuseleko.

Ukukhetha Izinto Eziphathekayo Ukuze Uhlale Uqinile Neendleko

Iinkcukacha zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amaxabiso okuthenga kwangaphambili kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha elide kokusebenza. Kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo, i-laminate enoxinzelelo oluphezulu (i-HPL) idla ngokuchazwa ngaphezu kwee-veneers eziqhelekileyo ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuphezulu nokukrwela, ukufuma, kunye noxinzelelo lobushushu. Kwizihlalo ezifakwe upholstery, amalaphu akumgangatho wezorhwebo kufuneka afikelele ubuncinci kwi-50,000 double rubs kwisikali sovavanyo lweWyzenbeek, kunye nezicelo ze-lobby ezinabantu abaninzi ezifuna i-100,000 double rubs ukuqinisekisa ukuhlala ixesha elide. Izinto zehardware, ezifana nee-drawer glides, nazo kufuneka zibe kumgangatho wezorhwebo, zihlala zilinganiswe ukuxhasa imithwalo enamandla ye-75 ukuya kwi-100 pounds.

Le theyibhile ilandelayo ichaza utshintshiselwano oluqhelekileyo lwezinto eziphathekayo kwiimpahla zeehotele zorhwebo:

Imigangatho yoKhuseleko loMlilo, ukuFikeleleka, kunye nokuZinza

Ukuthobela imithetho yokhuseleko lomlilo kunye nokufikeleleka kwendawo akunakuxoxiswana ngayo xa kuthengwa i-FF&E. Ifenitshala efakwe uphahla kufuneka ihlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yokutsha, efana neCalifornia Technical Bulletin 117-2013 (CAL 117) okanye umgangatho we-NFPA 260 wokuchasana nokutsha kwecuba. Kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kunye namagumbi eendwendwe akhethekileyo, uMthetho wamaMerika aKhubazekileyo (i-ADA) uyalela ubungakanani obuchanekileyo. Umzekelo, iidesika zokubhala ezifikelelekayo kufuneka zinike ubuncinci be-27-intshi edolweni elithe nkqo, ubuncinci ububanzi be-30-intshi, kunye nokuphakama komphezulu osebenzayo okuphakathi kwe-28 kunye ne-34 intshi ukusuka emgangathweni.

Ngaphezu koko, uzinzo lokusingqongileyo lutshintshe ngokukhawuleza ukusuka ekukhetheni okukhethekileyo ukuya kumgangatho ophambili webhrendi. Amaqela okuthenga aya ngokuya eyalela iimveliso zomthi eziqinisekiswe yi-FSC, ukugqitywa kwe-VOC ephantsi ukukhusela umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi, kunye neendwangu ezenziwe ngeplastiki zePET ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ezi nkcukacha azihambelani nje kuphela neenjongo zenkampani ze-Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) kodwa zinokufaka isandla kwiingongoma ezibalulekileyo kwiziqinisekiso zezakhiwo ze-LEED.

Ukuthengwa, uLawulo loMgangatho, kunye noFakelo

Isigaba sokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo ye-FF&E yokwamkela iindwendwe siquka ukuhlelwa kweekhonkco zokubonelela ngeenkonzo zehlabathi ezintsonkothileyo, iiprotokholi zokuqinisekisa umgangatho eziqinileyo, kunye neeshedyuli zokufakela ezihambelanayo. Ukungalungi kweli nqanaba lokulungiselela izinto kunokulibazisa kakhulu ukuvulwa kweehotele, okubangela izohlwayo zemali ezigqithisileyo kunye nokulahlekelwa yingeniso.

Ukukhethwa Kwabathengisi Nokunciphisa Umngcipheko

Ukukhetha amaqabane afanelekileyo okuvelisa kubandakanya ukuvavanya ngononophelo amandla abo okuvelisa, uzinzo lwezemali, kunye nokusebenza kwembali ekunikezeleni iinkonzo kwicandelo lokungenisa iindwendwe. Ukuthengwa okuqhelekileyo kwamanye amazwe kudla ngokufuna ubungakanani obuncinci beodolo (ii-MOQ) zeeseti zamagumbi ezingama-50 ukuya kwi-100 ukuze kufezekiswe uqoqosho oluphezulu. Amaxesha okuvelisa kunye nokuhambisa iimpahla abaluleke kakhulu, ngokubanzi aqala kwiiveki ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-16 kwizinto zekhathalogu eziqhelekileyo, kwaye afikelela kwiiveki ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-24 kwizinto ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.

Ukuze kuncitshiswe umngcipheko wekhonkco lokubonelela ngeenkonzo ngokucwangcisiweyo, ii-arhente eziziingcali zokuthenga ziphumeza iinkqubo ezingqongqo zoLawulo loMgangatho (QC). Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukufuna imizobo eneenkcukacha zevenkile, ukwakha amagumbi eemodeli zeprototype ukuze kuvunywe ngabachaphazelekayo, kunye nokwenza uhlolo oluzimeleyo lwabantu besithathu einqanaba lefektriBesebenzisa umgangatho we-Acceptable Quality Limit (AQL), ​​abahloli badla ngokujolisa izinga elikhulu leziphene elingaphantsi kwe-2.5% ngaphambi kokuba bagunyazise ukulayishwa kwezikhongozeli zokuthutha.

Umnini kunye noMqhubi Ukwenza Izigqibo

Abanini kunye nabaqhubi kufuneka bavavanye iTotal Cost of Ownership (TCO) endaweni yokugxila kuphela kwixabiso leyunithi yesango lomzi-mveliso. Ukuveliswa kwamanye amazwe kudla ngokubangela ukwehla kwama-20% ukuya kuma-30% kwiindleko zeyunithi xa kuthelekiswa nemveliso yasekhaya; nangona kunjalo, olu longelo kufuneka lulinganiswe ngononophelo malunga namazinga okunyuka kwempahla, anokutshintsha ngokulula phakathi kwe-$4,000 kunye ne-$8,000 kwisikhongozeli ngasinye seenyawo ezingama-40. Ukongeza, abathengi kufuneka baqwalasele iirhafu zokungenisa impahla, ukuchitheka kwempahla echwebeni, kunye neentlawulo zokugcina impahla zasekuhlaleni.

Ekugqibeleni,ukuhanjiswa kwe-FF&E okuphumeleleyoixhomekeke kunxibelelwano olucacileyo kunye nokuqikelela kwangaphambili kwesicwangciso.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kunye nesizathu seHotel FF&E
• Iinkcukacha, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokuhlolwa komngcipheko okufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele
• Amanyathelo alandelayo asebenzayo kunye nezilumkiso abafundi abanokuzisebenzisa ngoko nangoko

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yintoni equkiweyo kwi-FF&E yehotele?

I-FF&E yehotele ibandakanya izinto ezishukumayo ezifana neempahla zegumbi leendwendwe, izihlalo zelobby, izibane, unyango lweefestile, iikhaphethi, kunye nomsebenzi wobugcisa. Ayibandakanyi ii-OS&E ezifana neelinen, izinto eziluncedo, izinto zeglasi, okanye iiyunifomu.

Zeziphi izinto ezifanelekileyo kwiikheyisi zehotele ezihlala ixesha elide?

I-laminate enoxinzelelo oluphezulu (i-HPL) lukhetho olusebenzayo kwiihotele ezininzi kuba ayixhathisi imikrwelo, ukufuma, kunye nobushushu ngaphezu kwe-veneer eqhelekileyo ngelixa inceda ekulawuleni iindleko zeprojekthi.

Yeyiphi indlela yokusebenza kwelaphu ekufuneka i-upholstery yehotele ihlangabezane nayo?

Cacisa amalaphu orhwebo avavanyiweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50,000 Wyzenbeek double rubs kwiigumbi zeendwendwe kunye ne-100,000 double rubs kwiindawo zokuhlala ezinabantu abaninzi.

Yeyiphi imigangatho yokuthobela imithetho ekufuneka i-FF&E yehotele ihlangabezane nayo?

I-FF&E yehotele kufuneka ihlangabezane nemithetho yokutsha efana ne-CAL 117-2013 okanye i-NFPA 260, kunye neemfuno zobukhulu be-ADA zamagumbi afikelelekayo kunye nefenitshala yendawo kawonke-wonke.

Inganceda njani iTaisen Furniture kwiiprojekthi ze-FF&E zehotele?

Ifenitshala yeTaisen inokuxhasa iiprojekthi zehotele ngeempahla zegumbi leendwendwe ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kunye neeseti zegumbi lokulala, inceda ukulungelelanisa izixhobo, iinjongo zokuqina, kunye nesitayile sophawu kunye neemfuno zebhajethi.